{"id":1854,"date":"2018-11-20T09:50:31","date_gmt":"2018-11-20T09:50:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapfre.com.tr\/blog\/?p=1854"},"modified":"2024-09-18T12:55:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T12:55:30","slug":"mimari-dehalar-ve-sehirleri-gaudi-barcelona","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapfre.com.tr\/blog\/dusle\/seyahat-yolculuk\/mimari-dehalar-ve-sehirleri-gaudi-barcelona\/","title":{"rendered":"Mimari Dehalar ve \u015eehirleri: Gaudi – Barcelona"},"content":{"rendered":"

Birbirini ahenkle izleyen rengarenk desenler, k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 ve bir o kadar grotesk hatlar ve gizemini y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r koruyan klasik niteli\u011findeki mimari yap\u0131lar\u2026 Barselona\u2019y\u0131 \u0130spanya\u2019daki di\u011fer \u015fehirlerden ay\u0131ran en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, i\u015fte bu uzun tasviri virg\u00fcl\u00fcnden noktas\u0131na dek hak eden g\u00f6rkemli yap\u0131lar\u0131. Kent dokusu ve karakterini var etmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra; gelece\u011fin m\u00fchendisleri, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 ve mimarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00f6dev niteli\u011finde olan bu yap\u0131lar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde dahi olarak an\u0131laca\u011f\u0131ndan habersiz olan Gaudi taraf\u0131ndan tasarland\u0131. Peki, bu e\u015fsiz yap\u0131lar\u0131n temelinde yer alan yarat\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 ne? Gaudi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde neden bir dahi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor? Gaudi\u2019nin yap\u0131lar\u0131 Barselona i\u00e7in ne anlama geliyor? Sorular fazla olsa da cevaplar \u00e7ok daha k\u0131sa olacak. Haz\u0131rsan\u0131z ba\u015flayal\u0131m…<\/p>\n

Esin Kayna\u011f\u0131: Do\u011fa<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Gaudi yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ana \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 olan Art Nouveau; end\u00fcstri devrimiyle beraber geli\u015fen ve temel olarak kabul edilen mutlak mimari de\u011ferlere do\u011frudan kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Art Nouveau ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en etkileyici yan\u0131; tasar\u0131mlar\u0131nda, \u00e7i\u00e7ek saplar\u0131, tomurcuklar, asma dallar\u0131, b\u00f6cek kanatlar\u0131 gibi k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 ve do\u011fadan ilham alan, tamamen do\u011fal \u00f6\u011feler kullanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011fa ve hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn senteziyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu eserler, izleyicisinin zihninde adeta fantastik bir d\u00fcnyada gezintiye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hissini uyand\u0131r\u0131yor. Demir, cam, seramik ve tu\u011fla i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fctunlar\u0131n ve kiri\u015flerin yay\u0131lan dallar ve kal\u0131n sarma\u015f\u0131klar haline gelen pencereler ise bu hissi g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyor.<\/p>\n

\"Casa<\/p>\n

Gaudi ve Art Nouvaeu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0130spanya\u2019da Art Nouveau ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n (Modernismo olarak an\u0131l\u0131r) \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden olan Antoni Gaudi, 16 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken evini terk eder ve mimarl\u0131k okuluna ba\u015flamak arzusuyla Barselona\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. O d\u00f6nem Katalonya’n\u0131n politik e\u011filimi olan anar\u015fizm, kendisiyle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ve s\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n temellerini olu\u015fturur. Gaudi\u2019nin fazlas\u0131yla etkilendi\u011fi ak\u0131mlar; Modernismo, Gotik ve Mauresk\u2019tir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 ak\u0131m\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc mimari tarz\u0131n\u0131 yaratan Gaudi, daha \u00f6nce kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f malzemeler ke\u015ffeder ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn renk skalalar\u0131n\u0131 tercih eder.<\/p>\n

Eserlerin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Gaudi, 1870\u2019li y\u0131llarda s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 zorlamay\u0131 ve hatta kald\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan Fransa k\u00f6kenli \u201cAvantgarde\u201d ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da etkisinde kal\u0131r. Gaudi bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te; d\u00fczenli olarak “Cercle St. Luke” ve “Ateneu Club” gibi, s\u0131kl\u0131kla entelekt\u00fcel tart\u0131\u015fmalara sahne olan mekanlarda vakit ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flar. Bu sayede Eusebi Gu\u00ebll gibi bir\u00e7ok fikir lideri ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Avrupa’da \u00e7ok seyahat eden G\u00fcell ile kurdu\u011fu arkada\u015fl\u0131k, mimari konusunda ufkunun geni\u015flemesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. G\u00fcell, Gaudi’nin “Entretients sur l’Architecture” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131na da ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olur. Gaudi\u2019nin G\u00fcell ailesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir yap\u0131 tasarlamas\u0131, bu anlamda pek de tesad\u00fcf say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n

\"Park<\/p>\n

Gaudi ve En \u00d6nemli Eserleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Gaudi’yi en \u00e7ok etkileyen ve onu yeni materyaller ile yeni bi\u00e7imler yaratmaya te\u015fvik eden Art Nouveau ak\u0131m\u0131; ayn\u0131 zamanda sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u201ckendi yolunu\u201d ke\u015ffetmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Akdeniz\u2019in en \u00e7ok turist alan \u015fehirlerinden biri olan Barselona\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken bir\u00e7ok mimari yap\u0131n\u0131n Gaudi taraf\u0131ndan tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u00d6yle ki; bug\u00fcn hala binlerce ziyaret\u00e7i, bu yap\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in her y\u0131l Barselona\u2019ya seyahat ediyor.<\/p>\n

La Sagrada Familia<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Gaudi dendi\u011finde akla gelen ilk yap\u0131lardan biri olan La Sagrada Familia\u2019n\u0131n (Kutsal Aile Bazilikas\u0131) yap\u0131m\u0131na 1882 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015fland\u0131 ve 1883 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu yap\u0131, Gaudi taraf\u0131ndan devral\u0131nd\u0131. Diagonal B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde yer alan kilise hem tasar\u0131m\u0131yla hem de hikayesiyle sayg\u0131 duyulacak bir yap\u0131 olmay\u0131 sonuna dek hak ediyor. Yap\u0131n\u0131n her bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 dini sembollerle i\u015fleniyor ve her bir noktas\u0131nda birbirinden farkl\u0131 hikayeler yer al\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin; bazilikan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 an\u0131tsal cephesinden her biri, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli olay\u0131ndan birini temsil ediyor. Gaudi\u2019nin kilisenin y\u00fcksekli\u011fini 172.5 metre olarak planmas\u0131 da, sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n dini motiflerden ne denli esinlendi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. 1883 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 1926 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar kilisenin yap\u0131m\u0131yla ilgilenen Gaudi, 1908 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren kiliseyi bitirmek amac\u0131yla ba\u015fka bir projede yer alm\u0131yor. \u015eehrin en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 olan Montjuic Tepesi\u2019nden sadece birka\u00e7 santimetre k\u0131sa olacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131m\u0131na devam edilen La Sagrada Familia \u201cBitmeyen Kilise\u201d olarak da an\u0131l\u0131yor. Kilisenin tamam\u0131n\u0131n, Gaudi\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 100. y\u0131l\u0131 olan 2026\u2019da tamamlanmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda Barcelona Belediyesi 136 y\u0131ld\u0131r tamamlanamayan kilise ile var\u0131lan imar anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n tarihi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu y\u00fczden, kilise imar izni alabilmek i\u00e7in Barcelona Belediyesi\u2019ne 35 milyon avro \u00f6deme yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Belediyeye yap\u0131lacak bu \u00f6demeler, kiliseye ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ve kilise \u00e7evresindeki mahallelerin iyile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak. Kilisenin kendine ait bir de Instagram hesab\u0131 bulunuyor. Kilisede ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeleri anl\u0131k takip edebilir ve Gaudi\u2019nin tasar\u0131m\u0131ndaki ince detaylar\u0131 uzaktan da olsa ke\u015ffedebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Park G\u00fcell<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

G\u00fcell ailesinin soyluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bir sembol\u00fc olmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u00f6zel olarak sipari\u015f \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen Park G\u00fcell, 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda ziyarete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Barselona\u2019y\u0131 tepeden g\u00f6rmek isteyenlerin en \u00f6nemli adreslerinden biri olmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk zamanlarda i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6zel konutlar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel bir site olarak planlanan proje, G\u00fcell ailesinin vefat\u0131 ve beklenilen talebi g\u00f6rmemesi nedeniyle belediyeye devredilmi\u015f. Barselona Belediyesi de bu alan\u0131 dev bir \u015fehir park\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f. Gaudi\u2019nin dokunu\u015flar\u0131 ise tam olarak bu esnada devreye girmi\u015f; sanat\u00e7\u0131, park i\u00e7erisindeki \u015fato ve merdivenleri tasarlam\u0131\u015f. Park G\u00fcell, Gaudi\u2019nin zengin hayal d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan, en renkli eserlerinden biridir. Yap\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 renkleri i\u00e7eren seramik par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve park\u0131n genelinde mozaiklerle dolu eserler hakimdir. Park G\u00fcell, 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miraslar\u0131 listesine girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Casa Mila<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Gaudi’nin La Sagrada Familia’dan sonra en \u00e7ok ilgi g\u00f6ren eserlerinden bir tanesi de Casa Mila\u2019d\u0131r. 1910 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131m\u0131 tamamlanan bu eseri di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131ran \u00f6zelli\u011fi, keskin hatlar\u0131 reddeden, yumu\u015fak ve kavisli bir tasar\u0131ma sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Gaudi bu apartman\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda do\u011fal ta\u015flar kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden de bu yap\u0131ya \u0130spanyolca Ta\u015f Oca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen La Pedrera ismi verilmi\u015ftir. Eser, uzaktan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da dalgal\u0131 bir denize benzemektedir. Casa Mila, 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miraslar\u0131 listesine girmi\u015f ve o g\u00fcnden sonra ziyarete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Casa Mila\u2019n\u0131n, ziyaret\u00e7ileri i\u00e7in en ilgi \u00e7ekici noktas\u0131, 20\u2019den fazla bacan\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ek\u00fcst\u00fc bir bah\u00e7eyi and\u0131ran \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 patika yollar\u0131, merdivenleri, bacalar\u0131 ve Barselona manzaras\u0131yla Casa Mila g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken yerler listenizde mutlaka olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"Gaudi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Birbirini ahenkle izleyen rengarenk desenler, k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 ve bir o kadar grotesk hatlar ve gizemini y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r koruyan klasik niteli\u011findeki mimari yap\u0131lar\u2026…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1597,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[920,917],"class_list":["post-1854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-seyahat-yolculuk","tag-deneyim","tag-gezi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapfre.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapfre.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapfre.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapfre.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapfre.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1854"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapfre.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1854\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2545,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapfre.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1854\/revisions\/2545"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapfre.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapfre.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapfre.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapfre.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}